Book 1 of 3, by Chandra Mani Prasad

GEO Foundations How AI search actually works, and how to make one real site ready for it

Every claim in this book carries its source, its date and a strength rating. The checks are run on a real store we own, and the unflattering results are printed. It makes no promise of rankings.

PDF and EPUB, sent by email after payment. Version 1.1 is free to all buyers. ₹699 in India, GST included. International price $24$29, set for local purchasing power.

Every claim is rated STRONG MODERATE WEAK

216claims rated, each with its source and date
86sources named, with what each one sells
1 in 16AI crawler requests let through on our own store
Chandra Mani Prasad
Chandra Mani PrasadFounder of Oriel Inc. and the developer who ran the audit

We audited our own store.
One request in sixteen got through.

The book runs its checks on Adiyogi Herbal, a small online store that we own, and prints what it finds. This is the central result of Chapter 5.

Let throughNot let through

Of every sixteen requests an AI crawler made to the site that week, roughly one was let through. None of it appeared in the server's logs.

  • about2,540AI crawler requests detected
  • about2,000of them unsuccessful
  • about1,430answered with a 403 block
  • 155allowed through

The 155 allowed requests, by company

Google73
OpenAI42
Perplexity18
Microsoft15
Apple5
Anthropic0

STRONGFirst-party observation of one property. Oriel's audit of Adiyogi Herbal, seven days of Cloudflare data viewed on 30 September to 1 October 2026. The site had passed every check that can be run from the server side.

Who this book is for

Read it if you are

  • A technical SEO or in-house search lead who is being asked whether the site is ready for AI search.
  • A developer or agency engineer who has to make it ready.
  • An agency owner or consultant who needs claims you can defend to a client.
  • The founder of an online store who is being sold GEO and wants to know what is real.

It is not for you if you want

  • Guaranteed rankings, citations or traffic. Nobody can honestly sell those.
  • A content or prompt playbook. Content and measurement are the subject of Book 2.
  • Tricks for gaming AI systems.

A page can look finished and still be empty to an AI crawler.

Most AI crawlers read only the HTML your server sends. Content that JavaScript adds in the browser does not exist for them. Chapters 3 and 5 show how to test your own pages.

MODERATEOf 32 crawlers tested, only Googlebot and Applebot ran JavaScript. searchVIU, November 2025, 1.3 billion requests. The source sells a JavaScript-SEO tool.

example-store.com/herbal-tea

What a visitor sees

Himalayan Herbal Tea, 100 g
₹349

Hand-picked leaves, blended in small batches. Free delivery over ₹500. 214 reviews.

Add to cart

Illustration of a browser-rendered store. It is not a real site.

Four things you may have been told

Most GEO advice is published by firms selling GEO. The book rates each claim by the evidence behind it and names the commercial interest of every source, including ours. Pick a claim to see its entry.

"GEO delivers up to 40% uplift."

The figure comes from a paper that measured reranking among documents already retrieved. It did not measure getting found.

Source
Aggarwal et al., KDD 2024
Rating
STRONGfor what the paper measured
WEAKfor the popular claim, which is unproven
Interest
Academic; none identified
In the book
Chapters 1 and 4

What you will be able to do

Every chapter ends with a pass-or-fail checklist for your own site. These are the outcomes they add up to.

  • Check whether AI crawlers can read your pages at all.
  • Find out if your firewall or CDN is refusing crawlers you meant to allow.
  • Set robots.txt deliberately, knowing which crawlers train and which retrieve.
  • Question a GEO report that a vendor hands you.
  • Decide what is worth paying for, and what is not yet proven.

Eight chapters in two levels

About 66,000 words. Read the chapters in order; later ones correct and extend earlier ones.

Level 1

How AI search actually works

  1. What GEO isBeing retrieved, cited and mentioned are three separate outcomes.
  2. The engines and how they differ"AI search" is five engines reading from separate indexes.
  3. How an LLM sees a websiteA page that is not retrieved cannot be cited, however good it is.
  4. Why an AI picks one website over anotherA rating belongs to a claim, not to a source.

Level 2

Technical readiness of a website

  1. Crawlability and accessibilityA firewall can refuse crawlers before your server ever sees them.
  2. robots.txt and crawler controlrobots.txt is a request; only a rule at the edge can enforce a refusal.
  3. Classic SEO hygiene: the entry ticketRanking is necessary, and no longer sufficient.
  4. Authority and entity informationBrands that are talked about tend to be named; manufactured mentions are unproven.

A look inside

Three excerpts, word for word from the book.

Swipe sideways to see all three.

From Chapter 1

Try this now (5 minutes)

In GA4, open Reports, then Acquisition, then Traffic acquisition. Change the primary dimension to Session source/medium. Search for "chatgpt", then "perplexity", "gemini" and "copilot". Note the sessions for the last 90 days. Write the word "floor" next to the number.

If it is zero, that does not mean no buyer came to you through an AI answer. It means none arrived with a label.

From the Chapter 5 checklist

Pass or fail. Run it on your own site.

  • The same request returns the same status and size for every crawler name in section 5.1.
  • If I am behind a content delivery network, my log records visitors' real addresses.
  • I count crawler requests by product token in the user-agent field, not by a plain search for the name.
  • I have read my network's record of AI crawler requests for the last seven days and know how many were allowed.

From the Chapter 1 evidence box

Zero-click Google searches at 68.01%
MODERATESparkToro using Similarweb clickstream, January to April 2026. SparkToro sells audience-research software; Similarweb sells traffic data.
GEO retainers in India at ₹75,000 to ₹3,50,000 a month
WEAKupGrowth pricing guide, 2026. Agency selling these services; no independent pricing data exists.
The full table of contents

Level 1 · Foundation: how AI search actually works

  • Chapter 1. What GEO is
    • 1.1 Definition: being retrieved, cited, or mentioned in AI answers
    • 1.2 GEO vs SEO vs AEO vs LLMO: one activity, four labels
    • 1.3 Branding channel, not traffic channel
    • 1.4 Why now: the 2026 numbers and Adobe's conversion reversal
  • Chapter 2. The engines and how they differ
    • 2.1 The five engines and their surfaces
    • 2.2 Where each one's index comes from
    • 2.3 Citation vs mention: the platform inversion
    • 2.4 Usage reality: zero-click, referral decline, size asymmetry
  • Chapter 3. How an LLM sees a website
    • 3.1 Crawling, indexing, retrieval: what is the same as search and what is not
    • 3.2 RAG in plain English
    • 3.3 Embeddings and vector search: why passages matter more than pages
    • 3.4 Knowledge graphs, entities and entity relationships: what is real and what is assumed
    • 3.5 JavaScript: why most AI crawlers see an empty page
  • Chapter 4. Why an AI picks one website over another
    • 4.1 Retrieval, rerank, passage selection: what decides which passages win
    • 4.2 Query fan-out
    • 4.3 Citation and source selection: the over-cited platforms
    • 4.4 The retrieval-versus-reranking error, and why "40% uplift" does not mean what people say
    • 4.5 The evidence rating system used in this book

Level 2 · Website GEO: technical readiness

  • Chapter 5. Crawlability and accessibility
    • 5.1 The render check
    • 5.2 SSR and SSG remediation
    • 5.3 Crawl health: logs, 404 rates, sitemaps, canonicals
    • 5.4 Cloudflare AI Crawl Control
  • Chapter 6. robots.txt and crawler control
    • 6.1 Training versus retrieval crawlers: the full table
    • 6.2 User-triggered fetchers that ignore robots.txt
    • 6.3 Google-Extended and opt-out tokens
    • 6.4 WAF and CDN rules that silently block bots
    • The policy question: should AI companies train on your site?
  • Chapter 7. Classic SEO hygiene: the entry ticket
    • 7.1 Why top-10 still matters, and why it is rapidly becoming insufficient
    • 7.2 XML sitemaps, canonical URLs, internal linking, content architecture
    • 7.3 Topical authority and E-E-A-T, as classic-search signals
    • 7.4 Schema.org: for rich results only
  • Chapter 8. Authority and entity information
    • 8.1 Consistent entity representation across the web
    • 8.2 Wikipedia and Wikidata: the disclosed-COI rules
    • 8.3 Brand mentions versus backlinks: correlation, not proof
    • Where Book 1 ends

Appendices

  • Appendix A · Crawler reference
  • Appendix B · Glossary
  • Appendix C · Book 1 checklist
  • Appendix D · Sources
  • Appendix E · Version 1.1

Every chapter has the same nine parts, in the same order

  1. Opening scenario
  2. What this chapter answers
  3. Behind the scenes
  4. Implementation, or reading a vendor report
  5. Results on our own site
  6. Key takeaways
  7. Checklist
  8. Evidence box
  9. What we don't know

Five appendices follow: a crawler reference, a glossary, the full Book 1 checklist, the sources, and what version 1.1 will add.

Read Chapter 1 before you buy

The whole first chapter is on this site, free. You don't need to give an email address to read it.

Read Chapter 1 free

Prefer it as a PDF?

Leave your email and the PDF of Chapter 1 opens for download straight away. We will also tell you when version 1.1 is out.

We will send occasional news about the book. You can unsubscribe at any time.

What this book does not promise

It does not promise citations, rankings or traffic. A critical survey of 45 studies, published in July 2026 as a preprint, found no technique with a stable, long-term, cross-platform causal effect, and the book says so.

Book 1 makes a site capable of being cited. What the site says, and how to measure whether anyone is listening, is the subject of Book 2.

Chandra Mani Prasad
Chandra Mani PrasadFounder of Oriel Inc. and full-stack developerLinkedIn profile

The checks in Level 2 were run on a site he owns, and the book says which of them are still unfinished.

Our interest, stated plainly: Oriel owns the example store, publishes this book through Oriel Press, and plans to sell services in this field. Read us as you would read any other source with something to sell.

If you would rather have the checks in this book run for you, write to Oriel Inc.

Buy GEO Foundations

₹699
GST included. International price $24$29.
  • PDF and EPUB, sent to your email after payment
  • Version 1.1 free when it is released
  • Payment in Indian Rupees by UPI, card or net banking
  • Sold by Oriel Inc., Gurugram, India

Get the book today

Enter your details and pay ₹699. The PDF and EPUB arrive by email.

Payments secured by Cashfree Payments

  • Secure Cashfree checkout
  • UPI, cards and net banking
  • 7-day file promise

By paying, you ask us to send the files straight away and agree that the sale is then final. You pay ₹699, GST included, on Cashfree's secure payment page by UPI, card or net banking. We never see your card or UPI details. The files go to the email address you enter above. See our terms and refund policy.

Read Chapter 1 in full before you buy. If you are charged twice, or a file won't open or isn't what this page described, tell us within 7 days and we will replace it or refund you.

Buying from outside India?

This page is for buyers in India paying in rupees. Everyone else pays in US dollars on the international page.

Questions

Can I read some of it first?

Yes. Chapter 1 is free to read on this site, in full, without giving an email address.

Who am I buying from?

Oriel Inc., a sole proprietorship owned by Chandra Mani Prasad in Gurugram, India, which publishes as Oriel Press. Our postal address, phone number and email are at the foot of this page.

What format is the book in?

PDF and EPUB. Both are sent to your email after payment.

Do I get updates?

Yes. Version 1.1 is free to all buyers. It adds the results that were still being measured when version 1.0 was published.

Can I get a refund?

The files download straight away, so all sales are final. Please read Chapter 1 first; it is free. If you are charged twice, or a file doesn't arrive, won't open or isn't what this page described, write to [email protected] within 7 days and we will replace it or refund you in full. The full terms are in the refund policy.

When are Books 2 and 3 coming?

GEO Practitioner and GEO Engineer are in preparation. Book 1 buyers are told first.

Three books, seven levels

GEO Foundations is the first of three books. The other two are in preparation, and Book 1 buyers are told first.

Book 1, available now

GEO Foundations

Levels 1 and 2. How AI search works, and making one real site technically ready for it.

Book 2, in preparation

GEO Practitioner

Levels 3 and 4. Content and measurement.

Book 3, in preparation

GEO Engineer

Levels 5 to 7. The machinery underneath, and how to build on it.